ABSTRACT
Women entrepreneurs face a extensive range of barrier and challenges, It is a general belief in many cultures that the role of women is to build and maintain the homely affairs like task of fetching water, cooking and rearing children. Since the turn of the century, the status of women.in India has been changing due to growing industrialization, globalization, and social legislation. With the spread of education and awareness, women have shifted from kitchen to higher level of Professional activities. The paper aims to analysis the role of the women entrepreneurs in rural and urban in Karnataka. Rural and urban women's constitutes the family, which leads to society and nation. Social and economic development of women is necessary for overall economic development of any society. Entrepreneurship is the state of mind which every women has in her but has not been capitalized in India in way in which it should be, due to change in environment, now people are more comfortable to accept leading role of women in our society. Women entrepreneur is gaining importance in India in the wake of globalization and economic liberalization. The women entrepreneurs have generally gained potential from the ?nancial institutions especially micro?nance institutions in the form of SHG. In fact these institutions are making women as economically independent if not sound one. This study examines the difference between the role of rural and urban women entrepreneurs, the study tries to evaluate the role of rural and urban women entrepreneurs in economic development – determine the problem and examine the challenges faced by rural and urban women entrepreneurs, to highlight the factors and major constraints faced by women entrepreneurs, ?nally to draw conclusions and suggestions.“Rural and urban women entrepreneurs”, in a larger sense, therefore is a women who accepts challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically self suf?cient. A rural and urban women entrepreneur faces numerous problems to reach her familial needs. At last, women entrepreneurs become economically self suf?cient after facing challenges.
ABSTRACT
Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is a global strategy for reducing female-to-male sexual transmission of HIV. Women whose partners are circumcised benefit from a reduced risk of contracting other sexually transmitted diseases; making their role in VMMC critical. The objective of our study was to identify and synthesize existing evidence related to women's role in promoting VMMC from a regional perspective. The review and selection process were guided by the Problem; Intervention; Comparison and Outcome (PICO) model, which facilitated the exclusion of irrelevant studies. The search strategy search terms for the PICO components with synonyms, related terms and specialist terms were harvested from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)© and Embase©. The inclusion criteria were published studies in English and relevant to women's role in VMMC for the prevention of HIV between 2007 and 2020. Four key categories emerged from the literature as follows: role of women, VMMC uptake, barriers and facilitators of VMMC. The majority of the studies concur on the importance of involving women in VMMC uptake as they have the power to negotiate with their male partners through communication and can persuade men to be circumcised, making it a joint decision. The benefits of VMMC in improving sexual pleasure and attractiveness of the penis seemed to positively convince women to influence and educate men to improve the uptake of VMMC. Women are motivated to convince men to undergo male circumcision (MC) because of the benefits associated with them such as reduction of HIV transmission and cervical cancer. There are, however, limited studies focusing on women's involvement in VMMC; hence, more research to explore this area is recommended.